What are the primary actions of the serratus anterior?

The primary actions of the serratus anterior muscle are scapula protraction and upward rotation. This muscle is crucial for stabilizing the scapula against the thoracic wall during movements of the shoulder and arm. Protraction refers to moving the scapula away from the spine, which allows for better reach and arm movement. Upward rotation is essential for raising the arm overhead, as it facilitates the proper alignment of the glenoid cavity with the head of the humerus.

The actions of the serratus anterior are particularly important in activities that involve lifting or reaching out, making it a key muscle for athletes and anyone engaged in overhead movements. Its proper functioning is vital for shoulder health and stability, particularly in movements that require wide ranges of motion.