What does the term "muscle hypertrophy" refer to?

The term "muscle hypertrophy" specifically refers to the increase in muscle size and cross-sectional area. This physiological process occurs when muscle fibers undergo adaptation due to factors such as resistance training, leading to an increase in the synthesis of muscle proteins. As a result, the individual muscle fibers grow in thickness and overall muscle mass increases.

This phenomenon is primarily driven by mechanical tension, muscle damage, and metabolic stress, which stimulate muscle growth through various biochemical pathways. It is distinct from concepts like endurance or strength, which involve different adaptations and training outcomes. Muscle hypertrophy can significantly contribute to enhanced physical performance and aesthetics in strength training and bodybuilding.