What is the proximal attachment of the trapezius?

The proximal attachment of the trapezius muscle includes the superior nuchal line and the external occipital protuberance. These landmarks are located on the occipital bone at the back of the skull and are critical for the muscle’s stability and function. The trapezius muscle originates from these structures and extends down to the spine and various parts of the shoulder girdle, playing a significant role in the movement and stabilization of the shoulder and neck.

The other options describe attachments to different parts of the body that are not associated with the trapezius. The spinous processes identified are related to other muscles in the back, while the transverse processes correspond to cervical vertebrae that are also not connected to the trapezius. Lastly, the iliac crest pertains to the hip region and would not be associated with the trapezius muscle at all. Understanding these landmarks helps clarify the anatomical relationships and functional aspects of muscle attachments in the human body.