What is the proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

The latissimus dorsi muscle has its proximal attachment primarily at the spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, specifically from the seventh cervical vertebra (CV7) to the twelfth thoracic vertebra (TV12), as well as the thoracolumbar fascia and the iliac crest. This extensive attachment allows the latissimus dorsi to function effectively in its roles involving shoulder movement and stabilization.

The reason this specific attachment point is critical is that it provides a strong anchoring mechanism to the spine, which allows the muscle to exert powerful movements. The latissimus dorsi is particularly important in actions such as adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the shoulder, making the stability at this attachment crucial for upper body strength and mobility. The anatomical location of these spinous processes allows for a broad area of muscle generation, enhancing its mechanical advantage during activities such as pulling and lifting.