Which muscle group is involved in the upward rotation of the scapula?

The muscles involved in the upward rotation of the scapula are primarily the trapezius and the serratus anterior. The trapezius muscle, especially its upper fibers, plays a crucial role in connecting the shoulder girdle with the spinal column and assists in elevating and rotating the scapula upwards. The serratus anterior aids in this movement by holding the scapula against the thoracic wall and facilitating its upward rotation as the arm is raised.

In upward rotation, the glenoid cavity of the scapula turns upward, which is essential for raising the arms overhead. This coordinated action of the trapezius and the serratus anterior allows for optimal shoulder movement and stability, particularly during overhead activities.

Other muscle groups listed, such as the latissimus dorsi and levator scapulae, primarily perform different functions like shoulder extension and elevation, respectively, but they do not significantly contribute to the upward rotation of the scapula. The rhomboids and pectoralis minor are more involved in downward rotation and stabilizing the scapula rather than facilitating its upward rotation. Lastly, deltoids and infraspinatus are focused on arm movements and stabilization rather than directly influencing scapular rotation. Thus, the combination of trapezius and serratus